The political economy of deforestation and degradation in Sabah – The processes behind the drivers

This chapter examines the political economy underlying deforestation and forest degradation in Sabah, Malaysia. It analyzes how historical legacies, development policies, political dynamics, and global market forces interact to shape forest use and governance. The chapter highlights the role of logging regimes, agricultural expansion, patronage networks, and economic globalization in driving forest loss, while also exploring how policy reforms such as sustainable forest management have shifted practices over time. It emphasizes that deforestation is not only an environmental issue but also a product of complex political, economic, and institutional processes that require integrated, equitable, and long-term governance solutions.

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