The Global Comparative Study (GCS) on REDD+, led by CIFOR-ICRAF since 2009, is the largest research initiative on forest-based climate mitigation. Spanning 22 countries and over 1,300 publications, it has shaped REDD+ architecture, policy diagnostics, and forest finance mechanisms. Despite progress in forest monitoring and capacity building, entrenched political interests and vague safeguards have hindered equitable outcomes. Indigenous peoples, local communities, women, and youth remain under-recognized yet vital to REDD+ success. The study emphasizes the need for robust participation, transparency, and integration of forest-based mitigation into national development plans. As REDD+ evolves, lessons from GCS inform emerging climate mechanisms, including carbon markets and nature-based solutions, reinforcing the call for dignity by design and sustained political will.
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